Various Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Different - Essay Example Be that as it may, IBM card arranging and punch cards, which are viewed as antecedent to PC, were developed. IBM through the German’s auxiliary followed the Jewish pulverization. In excess of 2000 machines were dispatched through Europe and Germany. Figure 1: A Dehomag Hollerith machine (Source: Black, 2001) An American designer named Vannevar Bush built up the huge simple PC as an exact gadget than the past one out of 1930. It was a significant accomplishment in the processing scene as prior gadgets were not dependable in registering. Claude Shannon who was an American electronic designer, mathematician and cryptographer took a shot at the â€Å"Communication in Presence of Noise† and distributed this report after 1949 because of World War II. Claude E. Shannon demonstrated the inspecting hypothesis dependent on the Nyquist’s results. This work was done in 1940 yet distributed after the 1949 (Normsn 2013). The Horward Aiken who thought that it was adequate for t he fulfillment of computers’ needs at first assessed six electronic advanced processing. IBM took a shot at the Aiken’s forecast and came about into an advancement of IBM Stretch PCs of 1959. This advancement got vital for the putting away of million numbers in the RAM as appeared in the figure. Figure 2: Length of Console (Source: Kopplin, 2002) Transformation in the PC gear was seen during 1960s. Early PCs were in size of centralized computer and afterward shrivel into the minicomputers. Significant advancement was seen when records were put away on the taps and got to without association of any outsider. Extra highlights like little PCs, interfaces dependent on consoles, and interfaces were remembered for 1972. PCs for the individual use were critically evolved. PC Interface encouraged the movements in the new examples (Turner 2006). In 1981, IBM presented a progressively reasonable PC with an easy to understand plan, and working framework having a mobile screen. Th e utilization of PCs has become on a boundless in the workplaces, homes, and schools. Presentation of microchips in the mid 1980s made it feasible for a few makes to make the chips dependent on the DSP. The information signal handling is a gadget with a local code. The DSP chips are proficient to convey the a large number of activities per a second (Poornachandra and Sasikala 2010). In mid 1990s, the advanced world moved towards the models of the picture preparing equipment by the improvement of single sheets. These sheets were good for the transports of market guidelines. The picture handling equipment contains the digitizer and equipment for essential tasks known as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). The digitizer midpoints the pictures as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. This improvement made workable for commotion decrease. The picture handling likewise came about into the extra room with megabytes (Gonzalez and Woods, 2009). Creating of the long guidance word en gineering empowered the numeric and serious calculations. Advanced sifting utilized in the preparing of various video signals lessens the commotion impacts or defilement pixels in video or pictures (Parker and Dhanani 2013). These occasions were chosen since progress in advanced figuring passed through a history. Student of history of processing introduced the commitment of the fundamental players in fortifying of the correspondence and with regards to modern

The Theory of Psychological Egoism

Presentation The narrative of Tony, Claire and Beth affirms the hypothesis of mental pride. As indicated by the hypothesis of mental selfishness, everybody is narrow minded and this is worked in the idea of individuals. We consequently can not abstain from acting selfishly.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Theory of Psychological Egoism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tony, Claire and Beth somehow have chosen to surrender their solace to help another’s life. Every single one of them is offering help to another’s life so as to increase some distinction or like oneself despite the fact that their demonstrations may appear demonstrations of altruism. As per Psychological selfishness, self-less great deeds don't exist. Beth likes herself for offering help for her debilitated mother. She turns out to be excessively occupied with her mom and overlooks the passionate needs of Tony. Claire additionally chooses to offer help to both Beth and Tony, yet this is seen a chance to like herself and be well known to the two and destined to avert future terrible occasions. Tony additionally offers his help to Beth in order to keep up the connection between them. To fulfill his sense of self, Tony chooses to get into another relationship behind Beth’s back. Tony exploited Beth’s circumstance since he was certain he would pull off it (Rosentand, 2005). Moral Theory Subscribers According to the hypothesis of moral pride, we ought to consistently be egotistical in our activities so as to ensure or accomplish our advantage. Defenders and adherents of moral vanity are guided by utilitarianism where activities are guided by the results it could have on the person. The outcomes of the activity taken by the individual must be valuable to that person. We ought to along these lines treat others such that offers a chance to get a similar treatment should something very similar happen to us.Advertising Looking for art icle on morals? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper in light of 15% OFF Learn More Having that what goes around could now and again come around; a supporter of the hypothesis of moral selfishness knowing the person could likewise be undermined may choose to come clean with Beth so as to fortify the connection between them. This would offer that person chance to be come clean at whatever point their fiancã ©e cheats despite their good faith. To certain supporters of moral vanity, it would not make any difference how the relationship finishes as long as the person keeps up a dear kinship with Beth. The brilliant guideline managing moral prideful person generally underlines oneself and not others. Endorsers of moral vanity accept that it is alright to treat others in a way that would work to further your potential benefit as long as you are certain you will profit by it. This implies for this situation, whatever happens to the relationship is the least of a proponent’s issue as long as the individual keeps up companionship with Beth. Then again, a supporter of the hypothesis may choose to stay quiet as though the individual in question thinks nothing about what the issue could have been. This could be driven by the way that the person would likewise not need their connections to be meddled with should the person in question additionally choose to undermine their fiancã ©e. This is probably going to be finished by the individuals who need to shield Tony and could even choose to give Beth different reasons for Tony’s past conduct. Such an endorser accepts, that by safeguarding Tony, the person would get a similar when trapped in a similar circumstance. Arrangement According to the hypothesis of mental pride, Tony had applied his imperceptibility during Beth’s duty to her mom to fulfill his enthusiastic needs. His apparent intangibility drove him into allurement which caused him to include in a short impermanent relationship.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Theory of Psychological Egoism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, such feeble characters must be rebuffed or possibly committed to understand their errors. Tony’s demonstration of narrow-mindedness ought to be mentored and Beth be made to know before they get hitched paying little heed to how great he had been to Beth. He must be considered responsible for his deeds since activities are aftereffects of choices. Be that as it may, the directing ought to include both Tony and Beth together. This would enable every one them to get their slip-up prompting the circumstance. I would direct Tony to cause him to uncover what he did and what had prompted the enticement and furthermore cause Beth to comprehend the part she played in causing the circumstance. They would along these lines both comprehend what they nothing to have done and each be made to apologize for their part. Making To ny comprehend that undermining his fiancã ©e was not the best and very much idea arrangement would be the most major piece of the guiding. The directing would help them two push ahead with no questions about one another and would likewise make them allowed to examine their emotions about one another. End From Tony, Claire and Beth’s romantic tale, it isn't astute to take the moral hypothesis point of view in taking care of the issue. It is fitting to consider better moral frameworks which ascend above utilitarianism. The position taken ought to consider the ethical principles just as obligations of every individual in causing the relationship to thrive. Reference List Rosentand, N. (2005). The lesson of the story. A prologue to morals, fifth ed. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers. This paper on The Theory of Psychological Egoism was composed and put together by client Ulik to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Mormons and video gamers

Mormons and video gamers On New Years Eve, my family went out to see Book of Mormon. When  I wasnt laughing, wincing, or  wondering  about  the ceilings structural integrity, I was glancing over at the guy sitting next to my sister, who shrieked with laughter and rocked back and forth (amplitude ~3 feet. very impressive!) after every joke. And there are a lot of jokes in Book of Mormon. After the show finished and the performers had taken a few bows, Elder Price frantically waved his hands and shhhd the audience. After we fell silent, he cued Elder McKinley, who asked us to join the cast in a rendition of  Auld Lang Syne.  And then the whole theater had linked arms and was swaying back and forth, and the cast had linked arms and were swaying back and forth like a miniature reflection, singing Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind? while I sang duh nuh nuh! since I dont know the lyrics to the song. While we walked to the tube station (along with half of London, it seemed) I heard at least five or six different languages shuffle past. That night, my family joined 13.7 million people in watching the broadcast of another rendition of Auld Lang Syne, followed by the countdown and an astonishingly spectacular fireworks display  that you should really watch if you havent already. The BBC estimated that a quarter of a million people were packed shoulder-to-shoulder by the Thames that night. Thursday morning (the 2nd) I said goodbye to London and flew to Washington, D.C. Very groggy, I sat down and made it through two sentences of Blue Mars before an elderly couple came over and asked me whether I was in the right seat. Nope. I moved. In case I hadnt caused enough offense, I accidentally trebuchetted a spoonful of frosting into the womans lap after the crew handed out afternoon tea.  Not my finest 8.5-hour flight! I did have some successes: I watched 5/7 episodes from Season 1 of Breaking Bad  and napped for a couple of hours. Anyway, we all made it in one piece. This afternoon, I arrived at my hotel and for a few minutes wondered whether I had accidentally stumbled into a theme park. There were more wigs than real hair, elves and staffs and battle armor and face paint and an impressive variety of weapons. I passed a room labeled LARPing. My elevator company included a guy in a full cat costume (I only knew it was a guy by his voice). Eventually, I stopped someone and interrogated him. Turns out that this convention center is being used for a Music Gaming Festival! No wonder. I congratulated the guy on his cat costume, then searched my room for a fridge, with grand plans to get Thai take-out and save some for later. No fridge. NO FRIDGE???? Distraught, I went out into the hallway with the hope of finding some kind of communal fridge. I bumped into my neighbor, who was walking out of his room and wearing a MAGfest badge. Me: Hey! Do we have a fridge in our room? He took a few seconds to respond, presumably to figure out that I meant are there fridges in these rooms? and not do we have a fridge in the room that we are (surprise!!) sharing? Neighbor: Yeah. Me: Oh, really?? Where is it? Neighbor: Under the TV. Me: Really? Okay. I didnt see it before. Neighbor: Yeah, it looks like drawers, but its not. Me: AWESOME, thanks! Just then, another MAGfest guy came down the hallway, and asked us whether we would like to join a hotel-wide game of Assassins. I answered yes on behalf of myself and my neighbor (he shrugged as if he didnt care, but I knew he wanted to play!) and all three of us hung out for ten minutes or so. Turns out that my neighbor has been coming to MAGfest for nine years, and that those nine years have been enough to see its attendance increase from hundreds to about twelve thousand. I also learned that cosplay isnt really his thing, and that cosplay is annoying because its very time-consuming, because if youre going to dress up like your favorite character from a video game you have to do it exactly right or people will judge you. We all went our separate ways, and my neighbor told me that I was welcome to join various MAGfest parties. Half an hour later, when I was heading out to buy my pad thai, I bumped into my two new friends again and it made me happy to be able to say hi and address them by name. And I found the fridge: it is in fact disguised as a set of drawers, presumably because thieves usually go for the fridge first. And now its 10 PM and my body says that its 3 AM because its stubbornly insisting on Greenwich Mean Time. Tomorrow is Day 1 of a two-day workshop that I could not be more excited about. Ill keep you posted! For now, good night, strangers!

Essay on the Oppression of Ophelia in Hamlet - 1243 Words

Male Oppression of Ophelia in Hamlet In The Tragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare developed the story of prince Hamlet, and the murder of his father by the kings brother, Claudius. Hamlet reacted to this event with an internal battle that harmed everyone around him. Ophelia was the character most greatly impacted by Hamlets feigned and real madness - she first lost her father, her sanity, and then her life. Ophelia, obedient, weak-willed, and no feminist role model, deserves the most pity of any character in the play. As the play opened, Hamlet and Ophelia appeared as lovers experiencing a time of turbulence. Hamlet had just returned home from his schooling in Saxony to find that his mother had quickly remarried her dead†¦show more content†¦This passage conveys the first and only sparks of defiance from Ophelia. When her father gave her similar advice, she caved in and agreed to his wishes. She was playing the role of the typical Elizabethan female, women who were expected to be submissive and weak. Ophelia simply wanted to make the men in her life happy, however, and those sparks of rebellion were soon extinguished. Ophelia allowed herself to become a sort of marionette in Polonius schemes toward understanding the seemingly mad prince. While her relationship with Hamlet was on the line, she allowed Polonius to commandeer the strings that determined her actions. Polonius was determined that Hamlets supposed madness stemmed from lovesickness for Ophelia. He convinced Ophelia that her betrayal of Hamlet was a necessary evil and she began to relay all of Hamlets messages and attempts at communication to him. He told the king and queen: This, in obedience, hath my daughter shown me, And more above, hath his solicitings, As they fell out by time, by means, and place, All given to mine ear (2.2.133-136). Even Polonius, arguably the least intelligent character in the play, realizes that Ophelia is acting out of obedience more than anything else. Ophelia wasShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Ophelia And Hamlet By William Shakespeare1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor female characters to be (Ophilia and Gertrude), and an example of the interactions between Ophelia and Hamlet, as they were very consistent throughout the story, and are an interesting but very easy display of societal norms at that time. After the fallout of my previous essay I tried to stay as far away from using resources to avoid anything else from happening. So almost all the ideas in this essay are mine. Articles I ended up using were from spark notes, shmoop, and the open media commonsRead More The Role of Women in Hamlet in William Shakespeares Play Essay2041 Words   |  9 PagesThe Role of Women in Hamlet in William Shakespeares Play Gertrude and Ophelia, the only two women in Hamlet, reflect the general status of women in Elizabethan Times. Women were suppressed by the males in their lives (brothers, fathers, and partners) and were always inferior. Ophelia and Gertrude have little or no power due to restricted legal, social and economic rights that were found in Elizabethan society. The male characters in Hamlet reflect this sexist view pointRead MoreFeminism in Hamlet1451 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Feminist Criticism and Its Integration in Hamlet† In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, many controversies arose from the text, one of which was feminism. Feminism in the most general of terms is known as the principle advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men. Feminism was a largely debated issue in the context of eighteenth century literature specific to many of Shakespeare’s texts. Feminist Criticism is similar in content but is more specific andRead MoreFeminist Theory Applied to Hamlet2809 Words   |  12 PagesRepresenting Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism Elaine Showalter Though she is neglected in criticism, Ophelia is probably the most frequently illustrated and cited of Shakespeare’s heroines. Her visibility as a subject in literature, popular culture, and painting, from Redon who paints her drowning, to Bob Dylan, who places her on Desolation Row, to Cannon Mills, which has named a flowery sheet pattern after her, is in in verse relation to her invisibility inRead More Soliloquy Term Paper: Hamlet’s Soliloquies3192 Words   |  13 PagesReading Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it seems that at every other turn in the narrative the prince is alone and uttering another soliloquy. What is the nature of his various soliloquies? How many are there? What are their contexts? This essay will answer these questions and more. John Russell Brown in â€Å"Soliloquies and Other Wordplay Let the Audience Share Some of Hamlet’s Thoughts† explains that soliloquies are but one form of wordplay Hamlet uses: By any reckoning Hamlet is one of the most complexRead More Hamlet and his Soliloquies Essay2997 Words   |  12 PagesHamlet and his Soliloquies      Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s Hamlet the reader finds a chain of soliloquies, seven in total, involving the protagonist and extending from beginning to end of the drama. In this essay let us examine the soliloquy-approach which the hero uses.    Harry Levin comments on Hamlet’s penchant for soliloquies in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare:    Comparably, Hamlet has been taken to task – or, perhaps more often, sentimentalized – for an allegedRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay5201 Words   |  21 PagesShakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare in late 15th or early 16th century. The main character Hamlet faces many difficulties, which cause him to doubt life, question death and look at human characters. The main problem, which in turn leads to others along his journey, is when he encounters his dead father in the form of a ghost. He tells Hamlet of his murder by his brother who is now married to his widowed wife, Hamlets Uncle and MotherRead MoreEssay about A Character Analysis of Hamlet1897 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet fascinates many readers and the first thing to point out about him is that he is mysterious. Shakespeares work demonstrates Hamlets dilemma as the role of revenger showing a man of thought forced to be a man of action. Hamlet is extremely philosophical and introspective. He is particularly drawn to difficult questions or questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncles guilt beforeRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 PagesP age |1 Top 30 Examples to Use as SAT Essay Evidence An exclusive special report from eSATPrepTips.com By Christian Heath P age |2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Adventurers and Explorers: Amelia Earhart (Female Aviation Pioneer) ................................................................................................ 5 Christopher

Tale of Two Cities Essay - 1098 Words

Violence and Cruelty Leading to Harsh Rebellion Throughout the novel A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens constantly uses examples of violence and cruelty to show why the French peasants revolted against the aristocracy and to describe the revolt. During the extant of the peasant’s lives before the rebellion they were treated so brutally by the aristocrats. The wealthy people took great advantage of their power and the poor people. When the peasants rebelled they responded with violence and brutality from the hatred of their hearts. The suffering the low class people of France endured during the time of this story was more than unbearable. As Dickens describes â€Å"Far and wide, lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.†¦show more content†¦She was just asking for a gravestone for her husband but the Marquis quickly trotted off in his valet leaving her far behind. This heartless act left sadness in the woman’s heart, but the evil Marquis Evermon de could care less. He â€Å"drove as if he were charging an enemy, and furious recklessness of the man brought no check into the face, or into the lips of the master.†(Dickens 113) When Gaspard killed the Marquis â€Å"he was hanged there forty feet high and left hanging, poisoning the water.† The French did not care that the little water the poor had to drink was being poisoned or that they killed a man. They wanted to warn the peasants that revolting would not be tolerated; yet it still occurred. Dickens directly warns that, so long as the ruling class refused to take responsibility for the way that they govern, they are destined to be violently overthrown.†(Galegroup 1). Although the aristocrats were asking for it â€Å"Violent oppression breeds violent rebellion which becomes a new king of oppression†(Bloom C) .The violence of the peasants was their response to their pain and no prosperity. â€Å"Dickens is always reminding the reader that the revolu tion, though a frightful moral disorder was born of Unspeakable suffering, intolerable oppression, and heartless indifference. Society was diseased before the fever broke out.†(Gale E) â€Å"Headlong, mad and dangerous footsteps to force their way into anybody’s life, footsteps not easilyShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities800 Words   |  4 Pages Charles Dickens characterizes the settings in his novel, â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities,† through indirect comparison and contrast between Paris and London during the French Revolution, a political and social upheaval from 1789–1799; â€Å"There was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face on the throne of England; there was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves andRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities900 Words   |  4 PagesChange can be a good thing. Charles Dickens, a fine author of A Tale of Two Cities uses many themes throughout his work, but the main theme he focuses on is redemption. The idea of redemption has to do with someone changing their outlook on life and making a difference from what they used to be. An alcoholic becoming a hero, a thief becoming a honest man, a crazed man becoming a leader, and a bystander becoming honorable. The transformation of an ordinary person to someone who benefits many peopleRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities Or A Tale Of Two Worlds?2163 Words   |  9 PagesKaren Vanderford Ms. Faris Honors English IV 29 May 2015 A Tale of Two Cities or A Tale of Two Worlds? A person’s class status in today’s world is based on what one owns and how society views an individual; nothing else really matters. Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities exemplifies the importance of social status through the way society views and treats its characters. Lucie Manette, from England, is the â€Å"golden thread† who everyone adores, especially a man named Sydney Carton, who is knownRead MoreTale of Two Cities4458 Words   |  18 Pagess Tale of Two Cities – Study Guide Questions 2008 Use these over the course of your reading. They are very helpful if you use them!! Book I: Recalled to Life Book I, Chapter 1: The Period 1. What is the chronological setting of this opening chapter? What clues enable us to determine The Period? 2. How does Dickens indicate the severity of social conditions in both France and England? 3. Who is the king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face? 4. How does DickensRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities Speech1511 Words   |  7 PagesA Tale of Two Cities Speech The storming of the Bastille#8230;the death carts with their doomed human cargo#8230;the swift drop of the guillotine blade-this is the French revolution that Charles Dickens vividly captures in his famous work A Tale of two cities. With dramatic eloquence, he brings to life a time of terror and treason, a starving people rising in frenzy and the to overthrow a corrupt and decadent regime. With insight and compassion, he casts his novel of unforgettableRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities in order to enlighten the average Briton about the events of the French Revolution. The novel compares and contrasts cities of London and Paris, which represent French and British society, through the eyes of Dickens’ human characters. The two cities play such a large part in the novel that they become characters themselves, and the contrasting societies of the two cities become a conflict. In Charles Dickens’ class ic, A Tale of Two Cities, the individualisticRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities-Sacrifice728 Words   |  3 PagesIn the melodramatic novel, A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, the author uses the theme sacrifice. He shows that sacrifice is important in his story because some of his characters must give up their lives for another. Miss Pross dedicates herself to Lucie because she wants Lucie to have a brighter future than she did. Then, out of his love and devotion for Lucie Manette, Sydney Carton sacrifices his life to save a life she loves. The sacrifices Miss Pross and Sydney Carton make expressRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesA Tale of Two Cities Jarvis Lorry, an employee of Tellsons Bank, was sent to find Dr. Manette, an unjustly imprisoned physician, in Paris and bring him back to England. Lucie, Manettes daughter who thought that he was dead, accompanied Mr. Lorry. Upon arriving at Defarges wine shop in Paris, they found Mr. Manette in a dreadful state and took him back to London with them. Mr. Manette could not rember why he had been imprisoned, or when he was imprisoned. He was inRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words   |  6 Pageshorrifically bloody and violent period of history – the best of times and the worst of times. The violence enacted by the citizens of French on their fellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. Charles Dickens uses a palate of storm, wine, and blood imagery in A Tale of Two Cities to paint exactly how tremendously brutal this period of time was. Dickens use of storm imagery throughout his novel illustrates to the reader the tremulous, fierce, and explosive time periodRead MoreUse of Repetition in A Tale of Two Cities1577 Words   |  7 Pagesconstant repetitions, and his habitual phrases are remembered by readers who are not used to reading with close attention. Dickens’s stylistic use of repetition reaches its climax in A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Therefore, it is fruitful to deal with the language of Dickens, especially that of A Tale of Two Cities, from the point of view of repetition in order to explore his linguistic artistry with which the novelist, inheriting the language of the 18th century, improved upon the style of English

Baby Dumping Free Essays

string(83) " recorded cases of students who got pregnant out of wedlock between 2006 and 2010\." 2012 International Conference on Economics Marketing and Management IPEDR Vol. 28 (2012)  © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore Future Leaders’ Perception on Baby Dumping Issues In Malaysia Nazni Noordin 1+, Zaherawati Zakaria 2, Mohd Zool Hilmie Mohamed Sawal 3, Zaliha Hj Hussin 4 and Kamarudin Ngah 5 1,2,4 Faculty of Administrative Science Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, P. O Box 187, 08400 Merbok, Kedah. We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Dumping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Malaysia 3 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, P. O Box 187, 08400 Merbok, Kedah Malaysia 5 Centre for Policy Research and International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang Abstract. The increasing cases of outrageous acts of dumping new-born babies and foetuses in Malaysia recently alarming the Malaysian to take serious attention in handling this matter. This research was about teenagers’ perception on baby dumping issue. Out of 7,535 populations at four selected schools at the area of Bakar Arang State Assembly under Sungai Petani Parliamentary, Kedah, 400 students were selected as respondents. In this study, simple random sampling was used. This research used Descriptive Statistic and Pearson Correlation for data analysis purposes. Data were collected from July until October 2010. Three hypotheses were tested and accepted. The result indicates that there were positive relationship between awareness towards consequences of free sex, knowledge on sex education and religious belief towards baby dumping cases. The significant of this study was awareness creation on consequences of having free sex among youngsters as well as parents and school administration and also inclusive of religious bodies/agencies in taking seriously on the impact of this issue towards our social development in global era. Conclusion/Recommendations: The recommendations were made to the parties concerned in this issue in order to find the best solution in curbing this problem. Keywords: Baby dumping, Teen, Awareness, Sex Education, Religious Belief. 1. Introduction Lately, Malaysia is facing a serious issue regarding on baby dumping which getting more chronic and cause a lot of attention. This social problem appears every day in newspaper and mass media. From the period of January until July 2010, public were shocked, appalled, dismayed by the increasing reported cases of abandoned babies, some of whom were found dead. This incident indirectly indicated that something is wrong in our society [1][2][3][4][5]. What is actually the issue of baby dumping? It is not only just dumping new-born babies but also refers to discarding or leaving alone, for an extended period of time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the intent to dispose of the child. The worse situation of this issue also can be seen when a girl gives birth in a school bathroom at night then throws the baby into the garbage or in the toilet bowl, also when a baby flung in the chicken coop, a baby swaddled in newspapers left squalling by a fly-infested dustbin, a baby abandoned under the harsh sun beating down on a wet rice field, a baby stuffed into a cabinet drawer, a baby left on the doorsteps of people’s home with notes or in a mosque. It is so embarrassing, sad and worst scenario that happened in our society. + Corresponding author. Tel. : +604- 4562519; fax: +604- 4562234 E-mail address: nazni@kedah. itm. edu. my. 137 Statistics from the Malaysia Welfare Department for this year, from January to April 2010, reported that 111 unmarried young girls were pregnant. The figure, however, is just the tip of the iceberg as many cases go unreported and pregnancies terminated. It also reported in New Straits Times on 23rd July 2010, the body of a baby girl foun d in a bag at a bus stop near the Sultan Ismail Hospital, Johor Bahru in the morning. Also there a baby found buried. New Straits Times on 18th July 2010, reported that a fetus was found buried by the roadside in Jalan 12, Bandar Puteri Puchong, Selangor. Baby dumping is not the solution to a life problem and it could be charged under Section 317 of the Penal Code which carries a maximum jail term of seven years or fine or both according to the Malaysian law. For the past few years there are many newborn babies have been found, dead or live in the most unlikely places like rubbish dump. For instance, The Malay Mail on 26 July 2011 [5] reported that a fetus with the umbilical cord intact was found in a garbage can at Pulau Mutiara wholesale market in Jalan Makloom, Penang. This shows clearly that â€Å"baby dumping† is really serious problem that currently happened in our society. 2. Problem Statement Table 1. Statistic of baby dumping cases from the Headquarters of Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM): By – State from 2005 until 7 April 2010 Cases of Baby Dumping Reported in Each State from 2005 until 7th April 2010 States Number of cases Selangor 105 Johor 83 Sabah 65 Sarawak 34 Negeri Sembilan 24 Pulau Pinang 22 Perak 19 Pahang 17 Kedah 17 Kelantan 10 Terengganu 5 Melaka 3 Kuala Lumpur 2 Perlis 1 Total 407 Based on Table 1, the statistic from the Headquarters of Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) [6] indicated that there were 407 cases of baby dumping, for the past five years starting from 2005 until 7th April 2010. On average, there are 68 cases every year and these cases keep increasing. While in Figure 1. 2. 1, it shows that, there are 472 babies found dumped nationwide since 2005 until 16th August 2010. In year 2010 alone, it already recorded 65 cases up to 16 August 2010. That is means average 8 cases per month solely in year 2010 and this figure is not included the cases that not reported. According to Federal Criminal Investigation Department (CID) Director Commissioner Datuk Seri Bakri Zinin, this year alone (2010), as at 16 August 2010, 65 dumped babies had been. As compared to 42 cases during the same period last year (2009), there is an increase in these cases [7]. Recently, the Cabinet also informed that there were 21 recorded cases of students who got pregnant out of wedlock between 2006 and 2010. You read "Baby Dumping" in category "Essay examples" Then, what about the unreported and unrecorded cases? Public belief that the figure more than what we can imagine. After all the shocking incidents proven by the data produced by PDRM and Welfare Department, we found a strong base to do this study. 3. Methods Material A simple random sampling technique was conducted among 400 students (out of total 7535 students) from Form One until Form Six (Upper Six) in secondary schools at the area of Bakar Arang State Assembly under Sungai Petani Parliamentary, Kedah. The schools involved were Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan 138 Ibrahim, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sungai Pasir, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Khir Johari and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Sungai Petani in Sungai Petani, Kedah. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) in getting descriptive statistic and correlation. 4. Results Discussion 4. 1. Profile of Respondents Out of 400 respondents, there were 183 (45. 75%) male respondents and 217 (54. 25%) female respondents. This finding showed the dominant of female respondents in this study. Regarding the age group, the respondents were in the age of 13 years old (18 students or 4. 50%), followed by 14 years old (51 students or 12. 75%), 15 years old (44 students or 11. 00%), 16 years old (97 students or 24. 5%), 17 years old (94 students or 23. 50%) and lastly 18 years old and above which is 96 students or 24. 00%. The highest respondents in this study was 16 years old, followed by 18 years old, 17 years old, 14 years old, 15 years old and the lowest respondents were 13 years old. The race of respondents in this study consist of three major races in Malaysia which is Malay, Chinese, and Indian and the balance was other rac es. From the finding, it can be concluded that the highest race in this study was Malay, which consist of 242 students (60. %), followed by Chinese, 75 students (18. 75%), Indian 67students (16. 75%) and the lowest was other races which consist 16 students (4. 00%). 4. 2. Result of Findings H1: There is a significant relationship between awareness towards consequences of free sex and baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective. Table 2. Awareness on consequences of free sex towards a perspective of baby dumping issue Awareness towards consequences of free sex 0. 396** 0. 000 400 Baby Dumping Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). There was a significant relationship between awareness towards consequences of free sex and a perspective of baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective whereas P =0. 000 and r = 0. 396. Significant level is P ; 0. 05 (P = 0. 000). So, the researcher accepts the H1. This means, the awareness towards consequences of free sex has an influence towards perspective of the baby dumping issue. This finding was also supported by APWLD Annual Report 2010 [9]. H2: There is a significant relationship between knowledge on sex education and baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective. Table 3: Knowledge on sex education towards a perspective of baby dumping issue. Knowledge on sex education 0. 445** 0. 000 400 Baby Dumping Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). There was a significant relationship between knowledge on sex education and perspective of the baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective whereas P = 0. 000 and r = 0. 445. Significant level is P ; 0. 05 (P = 0. 000). So, the researcher accepts H2. This means, the respondents agreed that knowledge on sex education is important in order to prevent or reduce the number of baby dumping that happen in Malaysia. Besides that, most of the respondent agreed 139 that by learning sex education, teenagers will be more matured and responsible to themselves and having knowledge on sex education is important to prevent free sex among teenagers. H3: There is a significant relationship between religious belief and baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective. Table 4. Religious belief and a perspective of the baby dumping issue. Religious Belief 0. 386** 0. 000 400 Baby Dumping Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). There was a significant relationship between religious belief and a perspective of baby dumping issue from the secondary school students’ perspective whereas P = 0. 000 and r = 0. 386. Significant level is P ; 0. 05 (P = 0. 000). So, the researcher accepts H3. Religious belief also plays an important role in order to prevent baby dumping that increase from time to time. Other than that, most of respondents also agreed that religious belief need to apply in their daily life activity. This finding was also supported by the Azmi (2010) [1] and Coleman Testa (2007)[8]. 5. Conclusion As a conclusion, awareness towards consequences of free sex, knowledge on sex education and religious belief showed the significant relationships with the baby dumping issues in our country. Most of the respondents agreed that these three variables have a significant impact on baby dumping cases. It is important for the teenagers to understand the consequences of free sex so that they can prevent the unwanted pregnancy at the young age. Besides that, the knowledge on sex education is important to ensure the teenagers have a better understanding about their body so that they will not easily involve in free sex which can lead to the baby dumping. On top of that, the important of religious belief and practices also play a vital function. Every religion has lay down and taught about the dos and don’ts, about the sin and reward, and all religion prohibited the act of free sex. In order to prevent it, the government, schools, parents and teenagers should take necessary actions to stop this baby dumping issue from becoming worst. 6. Recommendation In order to cope with this baby dumping cases, government should come out with several policies and programmes. First of all, the government may incorporate sex education in school curriculum as part of a holistic approach to tackle baby dumping cases. This approach is needed in order to provide awareness and better understanding of reproductive system and health at school level. Besides that, the government also can restructure or add the syllabus in certain subject such as â€Å"Pendidikan Islam† or â€Å"Pendidikan Moral† in order to create awareness and highlighted the consequences of social problems like free sex and baby dumping. The government also should promote Islam as a way of life especially to the Muslim youth as we can see nowadays; most of the people who involved in baby dumping were Muslims. Islamic scholars and Ulama’ must take this responsibility to explain to the community about Islam. However, it is important for the religious persons to use suitable method according to target group in performing this task. The government also can bring the Ulama’ or others religious person from other religion to give talk to the teenagers based on their belief especially when there is a program for teenagers as well as when there is a national campaign to curb with this kind of social problem. Drastic step by the government in categorizing baby dumping as a criminal amounting to murder if it meets with all the legal specifications is also can be introduced. The government can give another chance to the guilty parents if their baby is found alive but if the baby is found dead, the guilty parents need to be penalized under this criminal act. 140 Government also can help to curb this problems by exterminate pornographic materials from internet and electronic multimedia. These pornographic materials also one of the biggest factors that can contribute to the baby dumping issues because it will influence teenagers to do bad things. It is also recommended that the government come out with new rule to restrict the teenagers below 18 years old to check-in hotel or motel without parents or guardian. This rule will able to reduce free sex among the teenagers. Besides government, parents also should actively play their role in coping with this issue. For instance, they should discuss â€Å"openly† about sex and things related to it with their kids. Even though this topic still â€Å"taboo† in certain culture but it will prevent teenagers to get wrong information about sex from wrong sources. Weak family ties also one of the contributing factors in the rising cases of baby-dumping. It is a signal to all the parents not to concentrate and busy with their works and forgets to spend time with their children. As caring parents, we should hug, kiss, love and give more attention to our children before other persons do it for them. 7. Acknowledgements Our sincere thanks goes to our colleagues in UiTM Kedah, Malaysia for whom we have great regard, and we wish to extend our warmest thanks to all those who have helped us with the creation of this paper especially to Abdullah Fathi Muslim,Izzatul Nadiah Isa, Noor Atiqah Idris, Nurul Farakhin Zahrin and Nurzawani Abd Salam. 8. References [1] Dali, A. (2010), â€Å"Gejala buang bayi meningkat†, Kosmo , 17 August, pp. 6. 2] New Straits Times (2010), â€Å"Eight held over selling of babies† available at: http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1P1188506529. html (accessed 26 July 2011) [3] New Straits Times (2010), â€Å"Foetus found buried by http://www. nst. com. my/nst/articles/27jani/Article (accessed 26 November 2010) roadside† available available at: at: at: [4] New Straits Times (2010), â€Å"Newborn found in plastic bag†, h ttp://www. nst. com. my/nst/articles/28sarr/Article/index_html (accessed 26 November 2010) [5] The Malay Mail (2011), â€Å"Foetus of boy found in garbage can†, available http://www. mmail. com. y/content/45796-foetus-boy-found-garbage-can (accessed 26 July 2011) [6] PDRM (2010) â€Å"Baby Dumping Statistic† available at: http://www. rmp. gov. my (accessed 26 November 2010) [7] The Star (2010), â€Å"CID Chief: 472 babies found dumped since 2005†, available http://thestarmobile. com/jsp/news/viewNews. jsp? newsID=151204=19 (accessed 16 August 2010) at: [8] Coleman, L. M. and Testa, A. (2007), â€Å"Preferences towards sex education and information from an ethnically diverse sample of young people†, Sex Education, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 293-307. [9] Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD) Annual Report 2010. 141 How to cite Baby Dumping, Essay examples Baby Dumping Free Essays Today, in our society, every age, they need to deal with the problem. An era of some of the problems may be different from another era problem, it could be the same. High school students, especially in the face so many problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Dumping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Five issues high school students face these days, illegal racing, use of drugs and alcohol abuse, free sex, abortion and baby dumping. Problems usually follow the flow, first racing, it is usually held in the evening, of course, it is troublesome to other road users. In addition, it can also be deadly man. After the game, they will usually go to a nightclub. It is they start drugs, become addicted to alcohol places. When they are under the influence of drugs and alcohol, which will cause them to have an unprotected sex, which means that sex did not take any preventive pregnancy. High school students are too immature to fully understand the impact of no sex, it is possible for their lives. Therefore, there is no doubt, because that would create another problem. For a given problem is abortion and baby dumping. Unintended pregnancy scare, aborted babies before they take risks, their families know that physical changes after. Abortion is a dangerous act, which may be fatal mother. But in a desperate situation like this, they can not rationally think. But not everyone has enough intuition, abortion to take the risk. Some of them decided to give birth to a baby, but then the end of it, for some reason, they dumped the baby did not hesitate. Dump the baby means that they throw away after the baby is not in any place to take care of it. Typically, the baby is in a dump after they were born. In most cases, the baby was already dead when they find someone else. How to cite Baby Dumping, Papers

5 paragragh The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example For Students

5 paragragh: The Catcher in the Rye Essay From the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the youthful protagonist Holden Caufield, employs the word phony to describe the behavior of a number of characters including Mr. Spencer and Ossenburger, however it is not them who arephony, it is the young main character. First, Mr. Spencer, Holdens ex- history teacher, is not described as phony, but according to the adolescent, his choice of words are. Secondly, according to our main character, Ossenburger is not the generous philanthropist he portrays himself to be, but rather a greedy undertaker. Lastly, the protagonist could quite possibly be the authentic phony. All in all, the main characters use to describe many other characters in the book is with the single word phony, when in fact the word phony would be the most probable word to describe the lead character. Illustrating Mr. Spencer as phony because of his vocabulary, is when Holden leaves Pencey Prep permanently, and goes to say good-bye to the ex-history teacher. The depicted fake tells the ex-Pencey student I had the privilege of meeting your mother and dad when they had their little chat with Dr. Thurmer some weeks ago. Theyre grand people. The ex-Pencey student immediately impugns Mr. Spencers use of the word grand, and tells the reader: Grand. Theres a word I hate. Its a phony. I could puke every time I heard it. To sum up, Holden disgusts Mr. Spencers utilization of the word grand and thinks it is fraudulent. Also, Caufield, describes Ossenbuger as phony because of what Holden perceived he did for a living. The wing where the central character lived at Pencey was called the Ossenbuger Memorial Wing named after a men who went to Pencey and later donated a substantial amount of money to the school. Ossenburger makes this income by the business of undertaking. Next, according to our youthful character, Ossenburger is phony because he probably just shoves the dead bodies in a bag and throws them in the river. As a result, Caufield feels that Ossenburger is phony because of his profession in undertaking. While observing the discription of many other characters in the novel as phony, it is safe to say that the phony character is indeed the protagonist. For example, the false character when lying to Mr. Spencer about going to the gym to clear everything out before leaving, is Holden. Once again we see this falsehood, when he tries to hit on some women in a bar, despite thinking the girls are not particularly extraordinary women. Exemplifying this phony behavior as well, is when our puerile character is telling Sunny, (the prostitute) that after all, he could not do it with her because of a broken spinal canal. In summary, it is in fact hypocritical in the sense that Holden is the phony one, but just not anyone else. In conclusion, our primary character implicates both Mr. Spencer and Ossenburger to be phony, when on the other hand, the protagonist can certainly fit this description to its optimum eligibility. Our leading character explicates that Mr. Spencer is phony as soon as he says Holdens parents are grand. In Holdens opinion on Ossenburger, he is phony because of his employment. Obviously, these characters stated above are not the phonies, the veritable phony is the protagonist because he is deceptive, and one may never know when one is regarding the genuine Holden Caufield. Holden should stop being so hypocritical and accept others for who they are in addition to accepting himself so he could stop all of the prevarication.

Michelangelo Art Essays - Michelangelo, Visual Arts, Art, Realism

Michelangelo Art To see a scorned, beaten, and crucified man, lying dead in the arms of his mother is an image, which can inspire overwhelming emotions within the heart of an observer. Yet, for the longest time I've had such difficulty looking at Michelangelo's art in this way. To me, art has never been about expressing oneself or conveying a message to others, but simply creating an image for the sake of beauty and perfection. When I look at Michelangelo's art I see a cold, solid mass of marble carved by the skilled hands of a master, Rather than this work of great beauty, capable of eliciting a deeply emotional response. I look at it in terms of the techniques Michelangelo used the understanding he had of the human form, to render a piece ultimately comprising precision and realism. It has been upon these standards that I have based my concept of what art is. In my eyes, art has always been just a unique ability that I have. I feel driven by it, not to express some deep emotion, but almost as an obsession to perfect my own ability. Every stroke of a brush and every motion I make are to make what I've created more detailed, graceful, and real. I'm only now beginning to realize how much more there is to art than what I had previously understood. When I look at a piece of my work, I see the detail and realism of it, yet somehow I feel that these aspects are all that it possesses. I wonder whether or not I've almost turned my sense of art into a science that lacks the essential characteristics of art, which are expression and emotion. Somehow now I have begun to see that the strictness and precision of my art truly is an expression of who I am, and that through it, one can understand how I perceive the world around me. Personally I feel uncomfortable in a world where nearly every aspect of our lives is becoming less clearly defined and where right and wrong are continually forsaken for a vague sense of truth. So in some respects, art provides me with the sense of structure, order, and continuity, which I feel, is lacking in modern life. I've found that the meaning of art goes far beyond any technique or style, and that for each individual, art is a reflection of his or her own unique identity. While the touching image of a mother and child or the powerful story of the scorned savior in the Pieta may bring tears to the eyes of some, but in my eyes the greatest beauty and the deepest meaning exists in the grace and realism that lies within every detail of this masterpiece. Arts Essays

Solving the mystery of insect essays

Solving the mystery of insect essays Solving the Mystery of Insect Flight Insects Use a Combination of Aerodynamic Effects to Remain Aloft It is obvious to the casual observer that an insect, flapping its wings 20 to 600 times a second, does not fly like an airplane. Insect wings do not only oscillate up and down, they also trace an oval tilted at a steep angle. The wings also change orientation during each flap- the top faces up during the down stroke, and then the wing rotates so the underside faces up during the upstroke. Early analysis of insect flight tries to apply conventional steady-state aerodynamics that works for aircraft wings, to the complex motions of insect wings. This took into account the changing velocity of the wings as they went through the air. An example would be to stop the insects wing at a particular spot in the stroke cycle and then test it in a wind tunnel. Set the wind velocity and orientation to mimic the movement of the wing through the air. Now one can measure the aerodynamic force acting on the wing at each moment. If the steady state theory was sufficient, the average force should point upward and equal to the insects weight. In the early 1980s Charles Ellington of the University of Cambridge reviewed all of the evidence and concluded that the steady-state theory did not work for the forces required. The search for the answer of how insects fly started again. In 1998, Fritz-Olaf Lehmann, Sanjay P. Sane, and Michael Dickinson built a large model of a flapping fruit fly the Robofly. The robotic fly was placed in a tank of Solving the Mystery of Insect Flight 4 viscous mineral oil that made the 25-centimeter wings flapping once every 5 seconds similar to 2.5 millimeter fly wings flapping 200 times a second. The scientists measured two critical properties, the aerodynamic forces on the wings and the fluid flow around them. Both of which are impossible to examine on a real fly. R...

Community Supported Agriculture Research Proposal

Community Supported Agriculture - Research Proposal Example re created by individuals, and especially farmers in European parts of the globe to bear the expenses of farming, in order to acquire most out of the land. (Duram, pp. 77) In terms of definition, farming is performed and food is distributed according to a new socio-economic model, referred as community-supported agriculture. Moreover, community and its members play a vital and significant role in the development and maintenance of community-supported agriculture, which results in mutual benefits for the community from food production. Some of the tasks involved in CSA are delivery of produced foods on a weekly basis, which is performed by different community members. Nowadays, community-based agriculture is mostly used in the United States; however, a number of similar approaches of agriculture can be seen in other parts of the globe as well. In order to understand this form of agriculture in a detailed manner, it is essential to explore the different characteristics of it. Specifically, production of high-quality fruits and vegetables is the notion and mission of community-supported agriculture, which is achieved by the support of community members. A stronger consumer relationship can be observed in such form due to greater involvement of consumers with the producers. Every season, a supportive group of community decides to fund the budget of production, and thus, all the tasks and jobs are performed by the individuals in a collective manner. According to theories related to community-supported agriculture, a higher quality during the production of foods can be achieved by collective support and management of farming, and that is the core of such form of agriculture. In community-based agriculture, farmers do not have bear the expenses alone, which often results in reduction of quality standards, in order to lower the costs. However, the whole budget of a season is supported by the community members, and weekly production is distribution among these members,

Letter of introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Letter of introduction - Essay Example I am attracted to this particular field because of the impact that it brings to our social world. It is not just about the trends but it is about giving the people something to feel good about themselves. Comfort and security in one’s image is very important to me. And this is what I want to impart those I can reach through the field I am choosing to become part of. Self-image and self-confidence is very important for me. It is the root of one’s strength and courage to do things for himself and for others. But even if I have my own beliefs and perspectives, I do not reject other’s opinions just because it does not match mine. Differences are challenges for me and it makes me more aware of what’s happening around me. Just like in fashion, people don’t like the same clothes, colors or designs. Everyone has his own style. This is the same as with beliefs and perspectives. But just the same as in the fashion world, the differences gives us color and lif e. I believe that we should learn to compromise and accept that the world can never be just black and white. I hope that I am able to give you a better understanding of how I think about myself and how I would like others to see me. I am looking forward to the learning experience and relationship that we will have this semester. With respect, (insert your full name)

International Development Policy

International Development Policy Political, economical and social development of developing countries has been a high priority on the global agenda. International development policy has gained momentum as issues such as poverty in some developing countries have been increasingly linked to global security issues such as terrorism. Global policy in regards to development has become more prevalent through the increase of international organizations and institutions. However, international development policy and its perceived importance to national economic, political and social growth within developing states has become a strongly debated issue. From the United Nations Millennium Development Goals to more regional and bilateral initiatives, development has remained a salient global issue. In recent decades, the focus of international development has shifted from economic to human development and from structural to sustainable development. Despite the various methods used of stimulating international development, Offici al Development Assistance (ODA) continues to be essential to many developing states. It can be argued that for this reason that institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which formulate and implement policy in relation to ODA, continue to have an increasing influence on developing states. In the last decades, an international development policy shift has taken place from structural adjustment programs focusing on economic reform and market-orientated policies to sustainable development incorporating social and environmental reform and human-orientated policies. One region greatly influenced by international development policy has been those developing states on the African continent. Many sub-Saharan states in Africa have been plagued by underdevelopment and continue to be heavily dependent on ODA. Despite reaping some benefits from the rapid economic growth in Asia and new economic partnerships with some BRIC states, most of the states in Africa continue to struggle with underdevelopment. Africa is a continent with enormous potential in both natural and human capital yet suffers from widespread poverty and human deprivation. The continent has the world’s highest proportion of poor, 46 %, and is home to more than 30% of the worlds poor (Cheru 2008, p.6). Despit e various development initiatives such as the Lagos Plan of Action for Economic Development of Africa, Africa’s Programme for Economic Recovery, the African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programme for Socio-Economic Recovery and Transformation, the Three Year Priority Programme for Survival, Rehabilitation of African Economies, the African Charter for Popular Participation for Development and the Compact for Africa’s Recovery, Africa’s developmental gains have been marginal. Africa’s problematic of underdevelopment has been blamed on exogenous factors such The post-World War II international system has increasingly witnessed more international and regional integration in addition to the rise of powerful non-state actors such as international , regional and transnational organizations. Organizations such as the United Nations, the African Union, various Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) and multinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly playing a more important role in the international system. The institutionalizing of liberal policies within states through international financial institutions indicates the increasing influence non-state actors have on state affairs and sovereignty. Therefore, globalization and the role of key international non-state actors has become a reality. Not only has the number of international organizations increased exponentially since the post -war period, the scope and regulating power has accordingly also increased. For instance, there are international organizations for international trade (World Trade Organization, G8, G20), finance and foreign aid(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, IMF, African Development Bank), health (World Health Organization), law (International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and Special Courts and Chambers for Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Lebanon), law enforcement (Interpol, Europol), humanitarian aid (International Red Cross and Red Crescent), migration (UNHCR), labor (International Labor Organization) and environment (UNEP) to name but a few! This excludes the additional formation of regional blocs for dealing with security (NATO, ECOWAS) and economic competitiveness within the global trade system such as NAFTA and many of Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs). This plethora of international and regional organizations has not simply served to deal with or regulate transnational iss ues without affecting state sovereignty. Supranational regional organizations such as the European Union (EU) indicate that states have voluntarily relinquished some sovereignty for the overpowering interest of mutual gain. International â€Å"The governance indicators establish a discursive field of state legitimacy and normalcy and ‘responsibilises’ states: construct them as ethical actors that are capable of correct and responsible choices and policies† (Lowenheim 2008: 255) The use of global governance indicators is a means by which donors of official development assistance (ODA) can allocate scarce resources to what are perceived to be â€Å"effective† governments in developing countries. Ineffective governments in developing countries, which create rent-seeking activities, are seen as less desirable for the allocation of these scarce resources. Global indicators can, therefore, be used to assist donors in their decision-making for the allocation of aid to recipient states. Global institutions have an increasing tendency to rate and rank the governance capacities and performances of states. This practice of ranking and rating has increased significantly in the last few decades. The UNDP has identified at least 130 performance indices of which 80% had been created between 1991 and 2005 (Bandura 2005: 5). Each of these indices rank and assess country performance in such aspects as openness, competitiveness, governance, development, health, education, human rights, security, globalization among others. World Governance Indicators for Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa To examine the trend in quality of governance in each of the three case studies, aggregate indicators for Voice and Accountability (V A), Political Stability and Absence of Violence (PSAV), Government Effectiveness (GE), Regulatory Quality (RQ) and Rule of Law (RoU) have been used from the World Governance Indicators (WGI) index. The WGI uses a scale between 2.5 to -2.5 where 2.5 indicates a high 41  quality of governance. The selected time frame used is from 2002 to 2011 (data was unavailable for 2001 and 2012). Although Nigeria and South Africa did not implement a majority of the recommendations, the case studies were included in the analysis to provide insight if any observed improvement was as a result of the APR recommendations or due to other determinants.

Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington?s futile war on drugs in Latin America?

Book review: â€Å"Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America† Edited by Ted Galen Carpenter Overview Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 I Modest results after thirty years of war  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the drugs crops cultivation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the Latin American opinion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 II The American strategy on the drug war: definitively a bad strategy?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The United States’ strategy on the war on drugs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The causes of the American’s strategy failure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 III Is â€Å"legalisation† the solution for a decrease in the amount of drug in the united States’ streets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Sources  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ica, some countries have already talked about this solution: Jamaica in 2001, Uruguay in 2001, Mexico, Colombia†¦ Will those countries have the courage to face the United States on this issue? In Europe Does that means, that the world starts the pace of drug legalization? I still stay sceptic on this position. Conclusion To conclude, Ted Galen Carpenter shows in his book the failure of the thirty years war on drugs conducted by the United States in Latin America. A failure which is illustrated by the constant production of drugs in Latin America, the accentuation of scourges as poverty and corruption†¦ We can say that the United States’ strategy follows Say’s theory: the demand is conducted by the supply. However, as we have discussed about. This theory can not be applied on drugs market, as we have to take into consideration the dependence of drugs products. Sources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bad neighbor policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America†, Ted Galen Carpenter,2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.narconews.com/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cannabisnews.com

Haditha – descriptive writing

Haditha is a large, peaceful farming town situated in western Iraq. It is saturated with primitive, concrete buildings that lace the sandy, debris-ridden roads. They are all painted a sickly shade of yellow which has flaked away from their exteriors over time and now reveals a depressing grey colour. The gigantic palm trees dwarf the grimy, one-floored houses. Most of the shops display smashed or boarded windows. The interiors are eminently dark. The wallpaper is badly torn and peeling away from the walls where it meets the ceiling. Scorch marks from grenades heavily stained the floor and deep bullet holes scarred the walls. No furniture is present – just small, sharp pieces of broken glass and devastated shrapnel. Corrugated iron awnings hang over the pavement at the front of the shops, dismally shadowing the people that walk beneath them. There is a small, crumbling petrol station at the end of the long road that looks like it hasn't operated for years. The attached shop also has smashed windows and vacant interiors. The sign on the roof of the building is badly corroded and rusting; some of the red, Arabic letters have fallen off completely. The pumps are severely damaged and submerged in litter and other large pieces of wreckage; the charred remains of a hatch-back lay next to them. Narrow, gloomy back alleys weave between the buildings of the town like a snake, creating a huge maze separated from the hustle and bustle of the streets. An M1 Abrams tank and a Stryker lie dormant on the road. They are both surrounded by a group of intimidating soldiers, with one of them lazily manning the mounted turrets. They wear baggy, yellow and green camouflage clothes; their chests buried in bags of ammunition and various other items. The rucksacks on their backs look huge in comparison to their bodies. A powerfully built soldier leans against the tank. He sweats under the intense sun and numerous layers of clothing he is wearing. He looks extremely athletic; his huge muscles stretch the fibres of his clothes to their limits. His head seems miniscule in comparison to his enormous, broad shoulders. He has a rugged, pasty complexion; his appearance seems paler still compared to the dark skin tones of the Arabs that nervously rush past. Rough stubble covers his jaw – it looks like he hasn't shaved in weeks! A small boom microphone is swung down the side of his face and hovers before his colourless lips. He is wearing dark sport shades, leaving the concealed part of his face to the imagination. His helmet isn't clipped together under his chin; it is slumped on the top of his head. The badly stitched insignia of the United States Marine Corps (a golden eagle, globe and anchor) on his left sleeve is ripped and torn, due to fall off at any minute. In his hands, he grips a scratched, matt black M16A4 assault rifle that is covered with attachments: a small sight, a cylinder-shaped laser distance finder and a grenade launcher. He is far from under-protected; he wears thick, deep grey padded gloves that look ten sizes too small for the soldier's shovel-like hands; along with camouflage pads that are loosely fastened to his bulging knee and elbow joints. The sun drearily hangs on the horizon, casting large, oblong shadows across the town. It slowly creeps down and out of sight, allowing the town to descend into darkness. The distant sound of repetitive gun fire that rattles through the air is rather soothing. The noise of large metal rotors from several Apache helicopters fills the air as they fly overhead, deafening everyone for miles around. Their chiselled, futuristic exteriors reflect something from a sci-fi movie. In a back alley, a dark-skinned insurgent stands facing a feeble-looking man, who anxiously holds a large, black leather briefcase. The insurgent's head is covered with a red, patterned table-cloth type material that falls below his neck; with only one small gap across his face that reveals his hard, piercing eyes. The rest of his body is draped in a brilliant white, silk robe. A grubby AK-47 with no stock is loosely strapped to his back. The man holding the briefcase has scars running across his face, the most prominent stretching from his ear right down to his lips; it looks like he has tried shaving with a cheese grater. Standing next to each other, the insurgent is almost a head taller than the man. Sweat pours down the man's face as he nervously hands the briefcase over to the insurgent, who eagerly stands awaiting the delivery. Their meeting is interrupted by two soldiers shouting loudly and running towards them. The insurgent and the man quickly scurry off into the embracing darkness of the back-alley. The town sinks in to darkness for another night. The cool, crisp air replaces the sweltering heat. A light breeze whistles over the empty town as people start heading for their homes; eventually the density of people in the streets declines into nothing. The few street lamps that braid the road faintly flicker. Bright green tracer from the direction of the distant gun-fire spontaneously shoots off into the night sky at various angles and then disappears from view. The lonesome soldiers huddle together around the grumbling vehicles, desperately trying to share the little body heat they have. In place of dark sports shades, they now wear huge, black bulky night vision goggles. All the lights are off, except for the moon that dimly lights up the night sky. The town is asleep.

Specialization Among Other Health Care Professionals Essay

SPECIALIZATION AMONG OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: When we say that medical specialization is an outgrowth of scientific discovery, entrepreneurial practice as well as technological development, nursing specialization was also a recent response to this system of specialized medicine (Palmeiere 1981). This leads us to the discourses on how to tap the expertise of these specialized nurses into rendering services in remote and underserved areas in a country. There are numerous examples of how family nurse practitioners have bridged the gaps in the generalist physician shortages in many parts of USA. And hence in places like India it is high time we explore such possibilities where they can be incorporated into the health care team especially in primary and secondary levels. In the BRICS countries and specifically in Brazil and South Africa, nurses are the first-point-of-contact and back bone of primary care in the healthcare system. Such possibilities should be explored in countries like India as well. Similarly we can see that there are other areas within the context of health sciences that is moving towards the trend towards specialization, for instance, medical social work. 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